Dynamic asset monitoring using automatic updating of rules

ABSTRACT

A novel and non-obvious method, system and computer program product for controlling movement of assets is provided. A method for controlling movement of assets can include reading a first information from a first electronic marker coupled to an asset and reading a second information from a second electronic marker of a transport mechanism in possession of the asset. The method can further include storing in a record the first and second information and a third information comprising a location of the asset. The method can further include retrieving at least one rule comprising at least one value and an action. The method can further include executing a statistical test on the information in the record and executing the action of the at least one rule if a result of the statistical test is outside a predefined confidence level. Information from the record is then added to the empirical data.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to commercial asset control, and moreparticularly to providing dynamic asset control using a variety ofvariables.

2. Description of the Related Art

Asset control is a critical capability required in numerous businessenvironments. Whether managing production parts movement, retailmerchandise loss or facilitating baggage control at airports, it isdesirable to automatically detect and deter unauthorized movement ofassets from a controlled area. Manufacturing environments, for example,typically involve the movement of many parts (assets) of varying costand intellectual sensitivity into and out of production areas. Certainareas often require access be given to production personnel, as well asother engineers, developers and even external contractors. In suchareas, it is necessary to allow the movement of parts into and out ofthe production floor by authorized personnel, while restricting theirmovement by others. Parts loss through theft or inadvertent movementscan seriously impact business performance.

Conventional asset tracking systems employ Radio FrequencyIdentification (RFID) tags that trigger a static response when movementof the asset is sensed as it passes a control point. For example, as apiece of controlled merchandise passes the door sensors at a retailstore, alarms sound. However, similar responses would occur ifauthorized store personnel carried the merchandise past a sensor whensetting up a sidewalk sale. Presently there is no known mechanism formanaging the interaction of the asset, the personnel moving the assetand other outside factors (including time sensitivity). Additionally,the current state of the art does not allow various or dynamic actionsto be taken based on the interaction of the asset and the personnel.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention address deficiencies of the art inrespect to manufacturing production and provide a novel and non-obviousmethod, system and computer program product for controlling movement ofassets. In one embodiment of the invention, a method for controllingmovement of assets can include reading a first information from a firstelectronic marker coupled to an asset and reading a second informationfrom a second electronic marker of a transport mechanism in possessionof the asset. The method can further include storing in a record thefirst information, the second information and a third informationcomprising a location of the asset. The method can further includeretrieving at least one rule comprising at least one value and anaction, wherein the at least one value is based on empirical data. Themethod can further include executing a statistical test on theinformation in the record as compared to the at least one value. Themethod can further include executing the action of the at least one ruleif a result of the statistical test is outside a predefined confidencelevel. The method can further include adding information from the recordto the empirical data.

In another embodiment of the invention, a computer program productcomprising a computer usable medium embodying computer usable programcode for controlling movement of assets can include computer usableprogram code for reading a first information from a first electronicmarker coupled to an asset and computer usable program code for readinga second information from a second electronic marker of a person inpossession of the asset. The computer program product can furtherinclude computer usable program code for storing in a record the firstinformation, the second information and a third information comprising alocation of the asset. The computer program product can further includecomputer usable program code for retrieving at least one rule comprisingat least one value and an action, wherein the at least one value isbased on empirical data. The computer program product can furtherinclude computer usable program code for executing a statistical test onthe information in the record as compared to the at least one value. Thecomputer program product can further include computer usable programcode for executing the action of the at least one rule if a result ofthe statistical test is outside a predefined confidence level. Thecomputer program product can further include computer usable programcode for adding information from the record to the empirical data.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, a system on a computer forcontrolling movement of assets can be provided. The system can include ascanner for reading a first information from a first electronic markercoupled to an asset and for reading a second information from a secondelectronic marker of a person in possession of the asset. The systemfurther can include memory for storing in a record the firstinformation, the second information and a third information comprising alocation of the asset. Finally, the system can include a processorconfigured for retrieving at least one rule comprising at least onevalue and an action, wherein the at least one value is based onempirical data, executing a statistical test on the information in therecord as compared to the at least one value, executing the action ofthe at least one rule if a result of the statistical test is outside apredefined confidence level and adding information from the record tothe empirical data.

Additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in thedescription which follows, and in part will be obvious from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The aspectsof the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elementsand combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. It isto be understood that both the foregoing general description and thefollowing detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only andare not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute partof this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention andtogether with the description, serve to explain the principles of theinvention. The embodiments illustrated herein are presently preferred,it being understood, however, that the invention is not limited to theprecise arrangements and instrumentalities shown, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the various components of adynamic asset monitoring system, in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart depicting a general process for dynamicmonitoring of assets, according to one embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 3 shows various tables depicting the types of data that may becollected for various components of the dynamic asset monitoring system,according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a table depicting the data that may be collected duringevent capture of the dynamic asset monitoring system, according to oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a table depicting the definition of rules used by the dynamicasset monitoring system, according to one embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 6 is a table depicting the definition of statistical tests used bythe dynamic asset monitoring system, according to one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting a general process for dynamicmonitoring of assets using statistical methods executed by a dynamicasset monitoring system, according to one embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart depicting a process for selecting and executingstatistical tests by a dynamic asset monitoring system, according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart depicting a process for updating rules by adynamic asset monitoring system 100, according to one embodiment of thepresent invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, system andcomputer program product for controlling movement of assets. Inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a firstelectronic marker is coupled to an asset and a second electronic markeris coupled to a person in possession of the asset, wherein an electronicmarker may be an RFID tag. A scanner may read a first information and asecond information from the electronic markers. Next, the first andsecond information and a third information comprising a location of theasset are stored in a record. Subsequently, at least one predefined ruleis retrieved, wherein a rule comprises at least one value and an action.Next, the information in the record is compared to the at least onevalue. If the information in the record matches the at least one value,the action of the at least one rule is executed.

Embodiments of the present invention further provide a method, systemand computer program product for controlling movement of assets. Inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a firstelectronic marker is coupled to an asset and a second electronic markeris coupled to a person in possession of the asset, wherein an electronicmarker may be an RFID tag. A scanner may read a first information and asecond information from the electronic markers. Next, the first andsecond information and a third information comprising a location of theasset are stored in a record. Subsequently, at least one predefined ruleis retrieved, wherein a rule comprises at least one value and an actionand wherein the rule is based on empirical data. Next, a statisticaltest is executed on the information in the record compared to the atleast one value. If the result of the statistical test is within apredefined confidence level, the action of the at least one rule isexecuted. Then, the information from the record is added to theempirical data. At predefined intervals, a second statistical test isperformed on the empirical data to determine whether the at least onevalue of the rules should be modified so as to fall within a predefinedconfidence level. Lastly, the at least one value of the rules ismodified so as to fall within a predefined confidence level, if theresult of the second statistical test warrants a modification.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the various components of adynamic asset monitoring system 100, in accordance with one embodimentof the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a controlled area 116 that maycomprise a room, a building, an area, a group of rooms or buildings or asection of an area. The dynamic asset monitoring system 100 monitors andasserts control over assets and individuals within the controlled area116.

FIG. 1 further shows an individual 102, such as an employee, inpossession of an asset 104 to which an electronic marker 106 is coupled.Alternatively, the person 102 can be any transport mechanism, such as avehicle or a conveyor belt. The asset 104 may be any product that issought to be controlled such as computer parts or products, electronicparts or products, jewelry, works of art, airport baggage, hospital orclinic items or records, or any other merchandise or products. Theemployee 102 also carries an electronic marker 108, which may be in theform of a pass card or electronic pass key. Electronic marker 106 andmarker 108 may be an RFID tag, magneto acoustic marker, a magneticstripe card, a smart card or any other item that can be read byinterfacing with the item, scanning the item or by reading ofidentifying data emitted by the item. In an embodiment of the presentinvention, an alternative for the electronic marker 108 is a biometricmethod for identifying the employee 102.

FIG. 1 further shows a scanner 114 located adjacent to a doorway or adoor 112. The scanner 114 comprises a unit that utilizes radio frequencyor magnetic emissions to read information from the electronic markers106, 108. The doorway or door 114 comprises a method of ingress and/oregress to and from the controlled area 116. A lock 122 is coupled withthe door 114 so as to lock and secure the door 144 upon command. Analarm 110 is also located with the controlled area 116 and comprises anacoustic and/or visual alarm that is activated upon command.

Also shown in FIG. 1 is a server 130 which substantially performs theasset control functions of the present invention. The server 130comprises a computer or group of computers that are coupled, such as viaa network, with the lock 122, the alarm 110 and the scanner 114. When anemployee 102 approaches the door 112, the scanner 114 scans theelectronic markers 106, 108 and sends the data garnered from theelectronic markers to the server 130. The server 130 then determines theappropriate action to take, according to rules set up by anadministrator. The server 130 may subsequently order the alarm 110 tosound or the lock 122 to lock the door 112. Alternatively, the server130 may order that a notice be sent to an individual, such as a managerat workstation 118, which is also connected to the server 130 via thenetwork. The server 130 may also order that the event be logged in adatabase 120, which is also connected to the server 130 via the network.The processes performed by server 130 are described in greater detailbelow with reference to FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 shows various tables depicting the types of data that may becollected for various components of the dynamic asset monitoring system100, according to one embodiment of the present invention. The firsttable 300 shows the types of data that may be collected for a controlledarea, such as controlled area 116 of FIG. 1. Each row of the table 300shows the data corresponding to one controlled area, wherein each columnshows the particular value of one attribute of the controlled area. Thefirst column 302 of table 300 is populated with the type of a controlledarea, such as an office, a laboratory or a manufacturing area. The typeof a controlled area indicates the access that certain employees shouldhave to such an area. A controlled area type may be represented using anumber that corresponds to a type or may be represented by a characterstring that spells out the controlled area type.

The second column 304 of table 300 is populated with a unique identifierfor a scanner, such as scanner 114 of FIG. 1, which scanned or receivedthe electronic marker from which the event data was captured. A uniqueidentifier for a scanner may be represented using a number or analphanumeric character that corresponds to an identifier. The thirdcolumn 306 of table 300 is populated with a unique identifier for abuilding in which the scanner was located. A unique identifier for abuilding may be represented using a number or an alphanumeric characterthat corresponds to an identifier. The identity of a scanner or buildingindicates the access that certain employees should have to such an exitor a building.

The second table 310 shows the types of data that may be collected foran asset, such as asset 104 of FIG. 1. Each row of the table 310 showsthe data corresponding to one asset, wherein each column shows theparticular value of one attribute of the asset. The first column 312 oftable 310 is populated with a part number for an asset. A part numbermay be represented using a number or an alphanumeric character. Thesecond column 314 of table 310 is populated with a general type ofasset, such as a memory module, a logic module, etc. An asset type maybe represented using a number that corresponds to a type or may berepresented by a character string that spells out the asset type. Thethird column 316 of table 310 is populated with the sub-type of theasset, such as a DIMM, a processor, etc. An asset sub-type may also berepresented using a number or a character string. The identity or typeof an asset indicates the access that certain employees should have tothe asset or asset type.

The fourth column 318 of table 310 is populated with an asset controltype for the asset. An asset control type indicates the type of controlsthat shall be applied to the asset. For example, an asset control typeof “low value” indicates that low level control should be applied to anasset while an asset control type of “high dollar” indicates that highlevel control should be applied to an asset because of its financialvalue. Likewise, an asset control type of “IP sensitive” indicates thathigh level control should be performed on an asset because of its highintellectual property value. An asset control type may also berepresented using a number or a character string.

The third table 320 shows the types of data that may be collected for anemployee or individual, such as individual 102 of FIG. 1. Each row ofthe table 300 shows the data corresponding to one person, wherein eachcolumn shows the particular value of one attribute of the person. Thefirst column 322 of table 320 is populated with a unique identifier forthe employee, which may be represented using a number or an alphanumericcharacter. The second column 324 of table 320 is populated with a typeof employee, such as a regular employee, a temporary employee or anexternal employee. An employee type may be represented using a numberthat corresponds to a type or may be represented by a character stringthat spells out the employee type. An employee identifier or employeetype indicates the type of access that the employee should have tocertain areas, buildings or assets.

The third column 326 of table 320 is populated with a shift type of theemployee, which defines the normal work hours of an employee. A shifttype may also be represented using a number or a character string. Thefourth column 328 of table 320 is populated with a responsibility typefor an employee. A responsibility type indicates the type ofresponsibilities that are held by an employee. For example, aresponsibility type of “engineer” indicates that the employee works inan engineering group that constructs or builds components of a systemand therefore he must have access to certain assets. A responsibilitytype of “production” indicates that the employee works on producing theproducts that are sold by the employer and therefore requires certaintypes of access to particular assets. A responsibility type may also berepresented using a number or a character string.

FIG. 4 shows a table 400 depicting the data that may be collected duringevent capture of the dynamic asset monitoring system 100, according toone embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the table 400shows the data that may be collected by a scanner 114 during eventcapture of the dynamic asset monitoring system 100. Each row of thetable 400 shows the data corresponding to one event, wherein each columnshows the particular value of one attribute of the event.

Table 400 shows that each column shown in the tables 300, 310 and 320 ofFIG. 3 are represented in table 400. Column 402 is populated with aunique scanner identifier, column 404 is populated with a controlledarea type, column 406 is populated with a unique building identifier,column 408 is populated with a part number, column 410 is populated withan asset type, column 412 is populated with an asset sub-type, column414 is populated with an asset control type, column 416 is populatedwith a unique employee identifier, column 418 is populated with anemployee type indicator, column 420 is populated with an employee shiftindicator, column 422 is populated with an employee responsibilityindicator.

FIG. 5 shows a table 500 depicting the definition of rules used by thedynamic asset monitoring system 100, according to one embodiment of thepresent invention. The table 500 includes all of the columns of table400 except that two additional columns are included—column 514 forindicating the type of control action to take and column 516 forindicating to whom notification shall be given if control action istaken. Each row of the table 500 shows the values or range of valuescorresponding to one rule, wherein each column shows the particularvalue of one attribute of the rule.

Each rule is a set of statements that, if true, produce a match. Thatis, any captured event that meets the criteria described in the set ofstatements produces a match. Each rule lists one or more attributevalues that, if present in a captured event, produce a match. Anattribute value may be specified in a positive manner, wherein theexistence of the specified attribute value produces a match. Forexample, specifying a part number as “32F5556”” would produce a matchwith a scanned asset having the exact part number. Alternatively, anattribute value may be specified in a negative manner, wherein the lackof the specified attribute value produces a match. For example,specifying a part number as “NOT 32F5556”” would produce a match with ascanned asset having any part number except for the one specified.Further, attribute values may be specified in a range such that anyattribute value that falls within that range produces a match. Forexample, specifying a part number as “32F5556 to 32F5560”” would producea match with a scanned asset having any part number between the twospecified. Additionally, attribute values may be specified using awildcard. For example, specifying a part number as would produce a matchwith a scanned asset having any part number.

A rule defined in table 500 includes values or ranges of values that arestated for any attribute of table 400. For example, for the fifth rulelocated in the fifth row of table 500, values are inserted forcontrolled area type in column 504, asset control type in column 508 andemployee responsibility type in column 512. Thus, the rule seeks anevent where an asset of asset control type “high dollar” is taken out ofa controlled area type of “manufacturing” by an employee of employeeresponsibility type “engineer.” If this event is captured, then the rulestates that an email, as stated in column 514, is sent to a manager ofthe employee, as stated in column 516.

In another example, for the first rule located in the first row of table500, values are inserted for a scanner identifier in column 502, partnumber in column 506 and employee type in column 510. Note that the useof an asterisk (*) denotes a wildcard that represents any possiblevalue. Thus, the rule seeks a situation where the scanner withidentifier “1111” captures an event where an asset with any part numberis taken out of a controlled area type by an employee of any type. Ifthis event is captured, then the rule states that the exit door (such asdoor 112) is locked (such as by lock 122) so as to stop egress of theemployee form the controlled area.

The rules may be input into a database coupled with or accessible toserver 130 by an administrator or other worker via a work station, suchas workstation 118. A rule may take various forms, such as a text stringor a set of numbers.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart depicting a general process for dynamicmonitoring of assets executed by a dynamic asset monitoring system 100,according to one embodiment of the present invention. The process ofFIG. 2 provides a process by which the dynamic asset monitoring system100 captures data about movement of assets and asserts a level ofcontrol over the movement of those assets.

In step 202, various data charts or tables are created, wherein eachdata chart or table comprises information about the various componentsabout which data shall be captured during event. In step 204, an assetdata table such as table 310 of FIG. 3 is created by an administrator orother individual. In step 206, a controlled area data table such astable 300 of FIG. 3 is created. In step 208, a people data table such astable 320 of FIG. 3 is created. In step 210, a rule table such as table500 of FIG. 5 is created.

In step 212, an individual such as employee 102 moves towards an exitsuch as doorway 112 in a controlled area 116. The employee carries anasset 104 coupled with an electronic marker 106 and further carries apersonal an electronic marker 108. In step 214, the scanner 114 scansthe electronic marker 106 and electronic marker 108. In step 216 thescanner 114 captures data from the electronic markers 106, 108, whichdata is inserted into one row of an event capture data table, such astable 400 of FIG. 4.

In step 218, the rules 210 are applied to the data captured and insertedinto one row of an event capture data table in step 216. In step 222 itis determined whether the application of the rules requires that anaction is executed. For example, if a rule indicates that a controlaction, as specified in columns 514, 516 of table 500, should beexecuted, then the result of the determination of step 222 is positiveand control flows to step 226. Otherwise, control flows to step 220.

In step 220, the event data captured by the scanner 114 and insertedinto one row of an event capture data table, such as table 400, islogged. This may occur via the storing of the event data in a database,such as database 120. In step 226, the control action, as specified incolumns 514, 516 of table 500 for the particular rule, is executed.Further in step 226, the event data is logged, such as via the storingof the event data in a database, such as database 120. In step 224, theevent data, as well as any control actions executed, are logged in adata store, such as a database, that maintains statistics regarding thenumber and frequency of events, the data captured during those eventsand the number and frequency of control actions executed in response tothose events.

FIG. 6 is a table 600 depicting the definition of statistical tests usedby the dynamic asset monitoring system 100, according to one embodimentof the present invention. Specifically, the table 600 shows which testsshall be performed on particular attributes of a captured event by thedynamic asset monitoring system 100. Each row of the table 600 shows oneparticular group of statistical tests, wherein each column includes datathat is used to indicate which test to apply.

The first column 602 of the table 600 indicates a characteristic thatcorresponds to an attribute of a captured event, such as any attributeindicated in the event capture table 400 of FIG. 4. The second column604 indicates a variety of statistical tests available to be applied toan event. A statistical test can be any one or more of a statisticalZ-test, a statistical T-test, a statistical regression analysis, astatistical Chi-square test, or any variations or combinations of theforegoing.

The third column 606 indicates which characteristics or attributes of acaptured event shall be compared for a given statistical test. Forexample, for statistical test A of the first row, the first and secondcharacteristics or attributes shall be compared, but for statisticaltest B of the first row, the first and third characteristics orattributes shall be compared. The fourth column 608 indicates a desiredconfidence level for a given statistical test. A confidence interval isan interval estimate of a population parameter. The fifth column 610indicates a time period indicating a sample identifier for a givenstatistical test.

In one example, assume that an event has captured the data shown in thefirst row of table 400 of FIG. 4. In this case, the table 600 isconsulted to determine how to select a statistical test to apply to theevent capture data. First, one determines upon which characteristic orattributes to apply a statistical test. Certain attributes are moregermane to issues of employee permissions for moving assets. For thisreason, concentrating statistical tests on germane or importantattributes is desirable. Thus, assume that the statistical test shall beapplied upon the employee type attribute. This leads one to the firstrow of table 600.

Next, one moves to the next cell to the right and sees that fivestatistical tests A-E are provided for the employee type attribute. Forthe first statistical test A, the test is applied to the first andsecond attributes of the event data shown in the first row of table 400of FIG. 4. Thus, the statistical test is applied to the scanneridentifier (in column 402 of table 400) attribute and the control aretype indicator (in column 404). Next, a data duration value is read fromthe column 610. For statistical test A, data duration of 365 days isapplied and therefore the statistical test is applied to empirical datafor the last 365 days for the selected attributes. Next, a confidencelevel is read from the column 608. For statistical test A, a confidencelevel of 0.01 is desirable.

Note that any number or combination of attributes can be selected incolumn 606 for a particular statistical test. Further note thatconfidence levels in column 608 can be described in terms of standarddeviations. Lastly, note that various time periods can be denoted incolumn 610 and an indication of “all” denotes all data, regardless ofits age.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting a general process for dynamicmonitoring of assets using statistical methods executed by a dynamicasset monitoring system 100, according to one embodiment of the presentinvention. The process of FIG. 7 provides a process by which the dynamicasset monitoring system 100 captures data about movement of assets andasserts a level of control over the movement of those assets usingstatistical methods.

The control flow of FIG. 7 differs from the control flow of FIG. 2through the addition of a process for updating rules due to updates inempirical data upon which the rules are based. Rules are automaticallyupdated by updating the attribute values defined in a rule to reflectchanges in the empirical data. Thus, the control flow of FIG. 7 providesa method for automatically maintaining and updating the predefined rulesof the control flow of FIG. 2.

In step 702, various data charts or tables are created, wherein eachdata chart or table comprises information about the various componentsabout which data shall be captured during event. In step 704, an assetdata table is created. In step 706, a controlled area data table iscreated. In step 708, a people data table is created. In step 710, arule table is created.

In step 712, an individual moves towards an exit such as doorway 112 ina controlled area 116. The employee carries an asset 104 coupled with anelectronic marker 106 and further carries a personal an electronicmarker 108. In step 714, the scanner 114 scans the electronic marker 106and electronic marker 108. In step 716 the scanner 114 captures datafrom the electronic markers 106, 108, which data is inserted into onerow of an event capture data table, such as table 400 of FIG. 4.

In step 718, the rules 710 and statistical methods are applied to thedata captured and inserted into one row of an event capture data tablein step 716. This step is described in greater detail below withreference to FIG. 8.

In step 722 it is determined whether the application of the rulesrequires that an action is executed. If a rule indicates that a controlaction should be executed, then the result of the determination of step722 is positive and control flows to step 726. Otherwise, control flowsto step 720. In step 720, the event data captured by the scanner 114 islogged. In step 726, the control action is executed. Further in step726, the event data is logged. In step 724, the event data, as well asany control actions executed, are logged in a data store.

In step 728, a trend analysis is performed wherein it is determinedwhether a recent captured event or groups of events warrant themodification of rule values so as to maintain event data within apredefined confidence level. This step is described in greater detailbelow with reference to FIG. 9. In step 732, if the result of thedetermination of step 728 requires modification of rule values, thenrule values are updated automatically in step 734.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart depicting a process for selecting and executingstatistical tests by a dynamic asset monitoring system 100, according toone embodiment of the present invention. The process of FIG. 8 providesmore detail about the step 718 of FIG. 7, wherein step 718 employsstatistical methods to determine whether a control action is requiredfor a captured event. The output of step 718, as well as the flow chartof FIG. 8, is a determination of whether a control action is requiredfor a captured event.

In step 802, a statistical test is selected based on the captured eventdata, suing table 600 of FIG. 6. See above with reference to FIG. 6 fora more detailed description of how a statistical test is chosen usingtable 600. In step 806, the statistical test or tests selected in step806 are executed. Note that the empirical data in the data store 804serves as an input to the calculation of step 806. In step 808, it isdetermined whether the results of the application of the statisticaltest or tests in step 806 are within the desired confidence levelsdefined in the corresponding row of table 600. If the result of thedetermination is positive, then a control action is required in step 722of FIG. 7. If the result of the determination is negative, then acontrol action is not required in step 722 of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart depicting a process for updating rules by adynamic asset monitoring system 100, according to one embodiment of thepresent invention. The process of FIG. 9 provides more detail aboutsteps 728, 732 and 734 of FIG. 7, which describes the auto-updatefeature of the present invention. The functions of steps 728, 732 and734, as well as the flow chart of FIG. 9, are to determine whether arule or rules must be updated and to update the rule or rules if needed.

In step 902 a trend analysis is executed, wherein it is determinedwhether an analysis of the rules should be executed in light of certainfactors. Step 902 may be spawned by the execution of a control action instep 726 of FIG. 7, which is spawned due to an event occurring outsideof a predefined confidence level, as calculated in step 808 of FIG. 8.Step 902 may further be spawned according to a fixed schedule, asdefined in table 904 of FIG. 9. The table 904 shows a frequency definedfor various parameters corresponding to attributes of a captured event,such as any attribute indicated in the event capture table 400 of FIG.4. If the stated period of time has passed since the last instance ofthe application of a trend test, then a trend test is applied in step906.

The application of a trend test in step 906 is similar to the selectionand application of statistical tests, as described with reference totable 600 in FIG. 6 above. The application of a trend test in step 906begins with consulting table 600 in step 908. Referring now to table 600of FIG. 6, it will be shown how statistical tests are selected andapplied to rules to determine whether a rule must according to theempirical data.

First, using the first column 602 of table 600, one determines uponwhich attribute to apply a statistical test for a rule. Next, one movesto the second column 604 of table 600. For a first statistical test, thetest is applied to certain attributes of the values of a rule, asindicated in the corresponding row of column 606. Thus, the statisticaltest is applied to those values that are provided in a rule. Next, adata duration value is read from the column 610. The selectedstatistical test is applied to empirical data for corresponding dataduration for the selected attributes. Next, a confidence level is readfrom the column 608.

Finally, the statistical test is applied and the result is either withinthe stated confidence level or not. Step 732 of FIG. 7 determineswhether a rule or rules must be updated. If the result of thestatistical test is within the stated confidence level, then a rule orrules need not be updated. If the result of the statistical test is notwithin the stated confidence level, then a rule or rules must beupdated. In step 734, the rule or rules are updated. In one embodiment,updating occurs automatically such that the value or values in a rule orrules are modified such that when the statistical test is applied, theresult is within the stated confidence level. In another embodiment, auser is prompted before the update of the rule occurs.

In one example of the application of steps 906 and 908, assume that therule of the fifth row of table 500 of FIG. 5 is tested so as todetermine whether the rule merits updating. In this case, the table 600is consulted to determine how to select a statistical test to apply tothe rule. First, one determines upon which characteristic or attributesto apply a statistical test. We assume that the statistical test shallbe applied upon the “asset control” attribute defined as “High dollar”in the rule. This leads one to the third row of table 600.

Next, one moves to the next cell to the right and sees that fivestatistical tests A-E are provided for the employee type attribute. Forthe second statistical test B, the test is applied to the second andseventh attributes of the selected rule. Thus, the statistical test B isapplied to the control area type attribute (in column 504 of table 500)and the asset control attribute (in column 508). Next, a data durationvalue is read from the column 610. For statistical test B, data durationof 365 days is applied and therefore the statistical test is applied toempirical data for the last 365 days for the selected attributes. Next,a confidence level is read from the column 608. For statistical test B,a confidence level of three standard deviations is desirable.

Finally, the statistical test is applied and the result is either withinthe stated confidence level or not. If the result of the statisticaltest is within the stated confidence level, then the selected rule neednot be updated. If the result of the statistical test is not within thestated confidence level, then the selected rule must be updated.

Embodiments of the invention can take the form of an entirely hardwareembodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment containingboth hardware and software elements. In a preferred embodiment, theinvention is implemented in software, which includes but is not limitedto firmware, resident software, microcode, and the like. Furthermore,the invention can take the form of a computer program product accessiblefrom a computer-usable or computer-readable medium providing programcode for use by or in connection with a computer or any instructionexecution system.

For the purposes of this description, a computer-usable or computerreadable medium can be any apparatus that can contain, store,communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or inconnection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.The medium can be an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic,infrared, or semiconductor system (or apparatus or device) or apropagation medium. Examples of a computer-readable medium include asemiconductor or solid state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computerdiskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), arigid magnetic disk and an optical disk. Current examples of opticaldisks include compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), compactdisk-read/write (CD-R/W) and DVD.

A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing programcode will include at least one processor coupled directly or indirectlyto memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can includelocal memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulkstorage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at leastsome program code in order to reduce the number of times code must beretrieved from bulk storage during execution. Input/output or I/Odevices (including but not limited to keyboards, displays, pointingdevices, etc.) can be coupled to the system either directly or throughintervening I/O controllers. Network adapters may also be coupled to thesystem to enable the data processing system to become coupled to otherdata processing systems or remote printers or storage devices throughintervening private or public networks. Modems, cable modem and Ethernetcards are just a few of the currently available types of networkadapters.

1. A method for controlling movement of assets, comprising: reading afirst information from a first electronic marker coupled to an asset;reading a second information from a second electronic marker of atransport mechanism in possession of the asset; storing in a record thefirst information, the second information and a third informationcomprising a location of the asset; retrieving at least one rulecomprising at least one value and an action, wherein the at least onevalue is based on empirical data; executing a statistical test on theinformation in the record as compared to the at least one value;executing the action of the at least one rule if a result of thestatistical test is outside a predefined confidence level; and addinginformation from the record to the empirical data.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: executing a statistical test on theempirical data; modifying the at least one rule to reflect the empiricaldata if a result of the statistical test is outside a predefinedconfidence level.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first step ofreading comprises: reading a first information from an RFID tag or amagneto acoustic marker coupled to an asset, wherein the firstinformation includes at least one of a unique identifier for the asset,an asset type and a part number.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein thesecond step of reading comprises: reading a second information from anRFID tag or a magneto acoustic marker of a transport mechanism inpossession of the asset, wherein the second information includes atleast one of a unique identifier of a person, a type of employee, ashift indicator and an area indicator.
 5. The method of claim 4, whereinthe step of storing comprises: storing in a record the firstinformation, the second information and a third information comprisingat least one of a unique identifier of the location and a location type.6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of retrieving comprises:retrieving at least one rule comprising at least one value and anaction, wherein the at least one value is based on empirical data andwherein the at least one value includes: a first value for at least oneof a unique identifier for the asset, an asset type and a part number; asecond value for at least one of a unique identifier of a person, a typeof employee, a shift indicator and an area indicator; and a third valuefor at least one of a unique identifier of the location and a locationtype.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first step of executingcomprises: executing a statistical Z-test on the information in therecord as compared to the at least one value.
 8. The method of claim 7,wherein the step of executing comprises: executing the action of the atleast one rule if the information in the record matches the at least onevalue, wherein the action comprises at least one of logging the record,sounding an alarm, sending an electronic message and closing a method ofegress from the location.
 9. A computer program product comprising acomputer usable medium embodying computer usable program code forcontrolling movement of assets, comprising: computer usable program codefor reading a first information from a first electronic marker coupledto an asset; computer usable program code for reading a secondinformation from a second electronic marker of a person in possession ofthe asset; computer usable program code for storing in a record thefirst information, the second information and a third informationcomprising a location of the asset; computer usable program code forretrieving at least one rule comprising at least one value and anaction, wherein the at least one value is based on empirical data;computer usable program code for executing a statistical test on theinformation in the record as compared to the at least one value;computer usable program code for executing the action of the at leastone rule if a result of the statistical test is outside a predefinedconfidence level; and computer usable program code for addinginformation from the record to the empirical data.
 10. The computerprogram product of claim 9, further comprising: computer usable programcode for executing a statistical test on the empirical data; andcomputer usable program code for modifying the at least one rule toreflect the empirical data if a result of the statistical test isoutside a predefined confidence level
 11. The computer program productof claim 10, wherein the first computer usable program code for readingcomprises: computer usable program code for reading a first informationfrom an RFID tag or a magneto acoustic marker coupled to an asset,wherein the first information includes at least one of a uniqueidentifier for the asset, an asset type and a part number.
 12. Thecomputer program product of claim 11, wherein the second computer usableprogram code for reading comprises: reading a second information from anRFID tag or a magneto acoustic marker of a person in possession of theasset, wherein the second information includes at least one of a uniqueidentifier of the person, a type of employee, a shift indicator and anarea indicator.
 13. A system on a computer for controlling movement ofassets, comprising: a scanner for reading a first information from afirst electronic marker coupled to an asset and for reading a secondinformation from a second electronic marker of a person in possession ofthe asset; memory for storing in a record the first information, thesecond information and a third information comprising a location of theasset; and a processor configured for: retrieving at least one rulecomprising at least one value and an action, wherein the at least onevalue is based on empirical data; executing a statistical test on theinformation in the record as compared to the at least one value;executing the action of the at least one rule if a result of thestatistical test is outside a predefined confidence level; and addinginformation from the record to the empirical data.
 14. The system ofclaim 13, wherein the processor is further configured for: executing astatistical test on the empirical data; modifying the at least one ruleto reflect the empirical data if a result of the statistical test isoutside a predefined confidence level.
 15. The system of claim 14,wherein the first electronic marker and the second electronic markercomprise any one of an RFID tag and a magneto acoustic marker.
 16. Thesystem of claim 15, wherein the first information includes at least oneof a unique identifier for the asset, an asset type and a part number.17. The system of claim 16, wherein the second information includes atleast one of a unique identifier of the person, a type of employee, ashift indicator and an area indicator.
 18. The system of claim 17,wherein the third information comprises at least one of a uniqueidentifier of the location and a location type.
 19. The system of claim17, wherein the at least one value includes: a first value for at leastone of a unique identifier for the asset, an asset type and a partnumber; a second value for at least one of a unique identifier of theperson, a type of employee, a shift indicator and an area indicator; anda third value for at least one of a unique identifier of the locationand a location type.
 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the statisticaltest executed on the information in the record as compared to the atleast one value comprises a statistical Z-test.